Keidar 2023 Front Physiol
Keidar N, Peretz NK, Yaniv Y (2023) Ca2+ pushes and pulls energetics to maintain ATP balance in atrial cells: computational insights. Front Physiol 14:1231259. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1231259 |
Keidar N, Peretz NK and Yaniv Y (2023) Front Physiol
Abstract: To maintain atrial function, ATP supply-to-demand matching must be tightly controlled. Ca2+ can modulate both energy consumption and production. In light of evidence suggesting that Ca2+ affects energetics through βpushβ (activating metabolite flux and enzymes in the Krebs cycle to push the redox flux) and βpullβ (acting directly on ATP synthase and driving the redox flux through the electron transport chain and increasing ATP production) pathways, we investigated whether both pathways are necessary to maintain atrial ATP supply-to-demand matching. Rabbit right atrial cells were electrically stimulated at different rates, and oxygen consumption and flavoprotein fluorescence were measured. To gain mechanistic insight into the regulators of ATP supply-to-demand matching in atrial cells, models of atrial electrophysiology, Ca2+ cycling and force were integrated with a model of mitochondrial Ca2+ and a modified model of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The experimental results showed that oxygen consumption increased in response to increases in the electrical stimulation rate. The model reproduced these findings and predicted that the increase in oxygen consumption is associated with metabolic homeostasis. The model predicted that Ca2+ must act both in βpushβ and βpullβ pathways to increase oxygen consumption. In contrast to ventricular trabeculae, no rapid time-dependent changes in mitochondrial flavoprotein fluorescence were measured upon an abrupt change in workload. The model reproduced these findings and predicted that the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is due to the effects of Ca2+ on ATP production. Taken together, this work provides evidence of Ca2+ βpushβ and βpullβ activity to maintain metabolic homeostasis in atrial cells.
Correction: FADH2 and Complex II
- FADH2 is shown as the substrate feeding electrons into Complex II (CII). This is wrong and requires correction - for details see Gnaiger (2024).
- Gnaiger E (2024) Complex II ambiguities β FADH2 in the electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 300:105470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470 - Β»Bioblast linkΒ«
Hydrogen ion ambiguities in the electron transfer system
Communicated by Gnaiger E (2023-10-08) last update 2023-11-10
- Electron (e-) transfer linked to hydrogen ion (hydron; H+) transfer is a fundamental concept in the field of bioenergetics, critical for understanding redox-coupled energy transformations.
- However, the current literature contains inconsistencies regarding H+ formation on the negative side of bioenergetic membranes, such as the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, when NADH is oxidized during oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Ambiguities arise when examining the oxidation of NADH by respiratory Complex I or succinate by Complex II.
- Oxidation of NADH or succinate involves a two-electron transfer of 2{H++e-} to FMN or FAD, respectively. Figures indicating a single electron e- transferred from NADH or succinate lack accuracy.
- The oxidized NAD+ is distinguished from NAD indicating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide independent of oxidation state.
- NADH + H+ β NAD+ +2{H++e-} is the oxidation half-reaction in this H+-linked electron transfer represented as 2{H++e-} (Gnaiger 2023). Putative H+ formation shown as NADH β NAD+ + H+ conflicts with chemiosmotic coupling stoichiometries between H+ translocation across the coupling membrane and electron transfer to oxygen. Ensuring clarity in this complex field is imperative to tackle the apparent ambiguity crisis and prevent confusion, particularly in light of the increasing number of interdisciplinary publications on bioenergetics concerning diagnostic and clinical applications of OXPHOS analysis.
Labels: MiParea: Respiration
Enzyme: Complex II;succinate dehydrogenase Regulation: Calcium