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Scott 2018 Integr Comp Biol

From Bioblast
Publications in the MiPMap
Scott GR, Guo KH, Dawson NJ (2018) The mitochondrial basis for adaptive variation in aerobic performance in high-altitude deer mice. Integr Comp Biol 58:506-18. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icy056

Β» PMID: 29873740 Open Access

Scott GR, Guo KH, Dawson NJ (2018) Integr Comp Biol

Abstract: Mitochondria play a central role in aerobic performance. Studies aimed at elucidating how evolved variation in mitochondrial physiology contributes to adaptive variation in aerobic performance can therefore provide a unique and powerful lens to understanding the evolution of complex physiological traits. Here, we review our ongoing work on the importance of changes in mitochondrial quantity and quality to adaptive variation in aerobic performance in high-altitude deer mice. Whole-organism aerobic capacity in hypoxia (VO2max) increases in response to hypoxia acclimation in this species, but high-altitude populations have evolved consistently greater VO2max than populations from low altitude. The evolved increase in VO2max in highlanders is associated with an evolved increase in the respiratory capacity of the gastrocnemius muscle. This appears to result from highlanders having more mitochondria in this tissue, attributed to a higher proportional abundance of oxidative fibre-types and a greater mitochondrial volume density within oxidative fibres. The latter is primarily caused by an over-abundance of subsarcolemmal mitochondria in high-altitude mice, which is likely advantageous for mitochondrial O2 supply because more mitochondria are situated adjacent to the cell membrane and close to capillaries. Evolved changes in gastrocnemius phenotype appear to be underpinned by population differences in the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, muscle development, and vascular development. Hypoxia acclimation has relatively little effect on respiratory capacity of the gastrocnemius, but it increases respiratory capacity of the diaphragm. However, the mechanisms responsible for this increase differ between populations: lowlanders appear to adjust mitochondrial quantity and quality (i.e., increases in citrate synthase [CS] activity, and mitochondrial respiration relative to CS activity) and they exhibit higher rates of mitochondrial release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas highlanders only increase mitochondrial quantity in response to hypoxia acclimation. In contrast to the variation in skeletal muscles, the respiratory capacity of cardiac muscle does not appear to be affected by hypoxia acclimation and varies little between populations. Therefore, evolved changes in mitochondrial quantity and quality make important tissue-specific contributions to adaptive variation in aerobic performance in high-altitude deer mice. β€’ Keywords: Oxidative phosphorylation, Electron transport system, Adaptation, High-resolution respirometry β€’ Bioblast editor: Kandolf G β€’ O2k-Network Lab: CA Hamilton Scott GR


Labels: MiParea: Respiration, Exercise physiology;nutrition;life style 

Stress:Hypoxia  Organism: Mouse  Tissue;cell: Heart, Skeletal muscle  Preparation: Permeabilized tissue, Isolated mitochondria 


Coupling state: OXPHOS, ET  Pathway: N, S, CIV, NS  HRR: Oxygraph-2k 

Labels, 2018-07