Three-electrode system

high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution

Three-electrode system

Description

A three-electrode system is the setup used in the Q-Sensor, which is an integral part of the Q-Module. This system is used in voltammetry (including cyclic voltammetry) to study the current as a function of the applied potential using three different electrodes: 1) the working electrode 2) the reference electrode, and 3) the counter electrode. In the Q-Sensor, the working or detecting electrode is a glassy carbon (GC) electrode that is set to a given potential and makes contact with the analyte. The potential of the working electrode is controlled by the constant potential of the a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode, which does not pass any current. The applied potential on the surface of the GC should be sufficient to either oxidize reduced analyte (in this case Coenzyme Q) or to reduce oxidized analyte. Thus, the counter electrode is a platinum electrode (Pt) that passes a current to counter these redox events by completing the circuit that is rate-limited by electron transfer on the GC. To determine the reduced Q fraction the GC electrode is set at the oxidation peak potential, which can be determined with cyclic voltammetry.

The Q-Sensor is an integral part of the Q-Module and Oroboros NextGen-O2k

The Q-Module allows for monitoring of the redox state of electron transfer-reactive coenzyme Q at the Q-junction using the specific Q-Stoppers with the integrated three-electrode system and the electronics of the Oroboros NextGen-O2k. Cyclic voltammetry is used for quality control and for defining the polarization voltage applied during Q-redox measurements.

References:

Komlódi T, Cardoso LHD, Doerrier C, Moore AL, Rich PR, Gnaiger E (2021) Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria. Bioenerg Commun 2021.3. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2021-0003
Donnelly C, Komlódi T, Cecatto C, Cardoso LHD, Compagnion A-C, Matera A, Tavernari D, Campiche O, Paolicelli RC, Zanou N, Kayser B, Gnaiger E, Place N (2024) Functional hypoxia reduces mitochondrial calcium uptake. Redox Biol 71:103037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2024.103037

Communicated by Komlodi T, Cardoso LHD 2020-07-28

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Coenzyme Q

» Coenzyme Q

» Quinone, Ubiquinone Q; oxidized

» Quinol, Ubiquinol QH₂; reduced

» Semiquinone

» Coenzyme Q2

» Q-redox state

» Q-pools

Mitochondrial pathways, respiratory Complexes, and Q

» Q-cycle

» Q-junction

» Convergent electron flow

» NS-pathway

» FNS

» FNSGp

» N-pathway

» Reverse electron flow from CII to CI

» CI

» Rotenone

» Amytal

» Piericidin

» S-pathway

» CII

» Malonate

» F-pathway

» CETF, Electron-transferring flavoprotein complex

» Gp-pathway

» CGpDH, Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase complex

» CIII

» Antimycin A

» Myxothiazol

» Choline dehydrogenase

» Dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase

NextGen-O2k and Q-Module

» Oroboros NextGen-O2k

» Q-Module

» Q-Sensor

» Cyclic voltammetry

» Three-electrode system

General

» Categories of SUIT protocols

» Electron transfer pathway

» Electron-transfer-pathway state

» F-junction

» N-junction

Oroboros Procedures

» Komlodi et al (2021) Coupling and pathway control of coenzyme Q redox state and respiration in isolated mitochondria

» Pallag et al (2022) Proline oxidation supports mitochondrial ATP production when Complex I is inhibited

» Donnelly et al (2024) Functional hypoxia reduces mitochondrial calcium uptake