Figueira 2012 Methods Mol Biol

Figueira TR, Melo DR, Vercesi AE, Castilho RF (2012) Safranine as a fluorescent probe for the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated organelles and permeabilized cells.. Methods Mol Biol 810: 103-117.

Figueira TR, Melo DR, Vercesi AE, Castilho RF (2012) Methods Mol Biol

Abstract: The mitochondrial electrical membrane potential (delta Psi) is the main component of the proton motive force (delta p) generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane during electron flow through the respiratory chain. Among the techniques available to assess delta Psi, methods that rely on the spectrophotofluorometric responses of dyes are widely employed for whole suspensions of isolated mitochondria or permeabilized cells. Safranine is one of the dyes currently used most often for this purpose. Safranine is a lipophilic cationic dye that undergoes optical shifts upon its potential-dependent distribution between the external medium and the intramitochondrial compartment and on its stacking to inner mitochondrial membrane anionic sites. The association between the optical changes of safranine and the membrane potential allows unknown delta Psi values to be estimated from an equation describing their relationship. Here, we describe the use of safranine as a fluorescent indicator of delta Psi in isolated mitochondria and digitonin-permeabilized cells. We present suitable conditions to employ safranine as a delta Psi indicator.

• O2k-Network Lab: BR Campinas Vercesi AE

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Organism: Rat  Tissue;cell: Hepatocyte; Liver"Hepatocyte; Liver" is not in the list (Heart, Skeletal muscle, Nervous system, Liver, Kidney, Lung;gill, Islet cell;pancreas;thymus, Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cell, Blood cells, Fat, ...) of allowed values for the "Tissue and cell" property.  Preparation: Permeabilized cells, Isolated Mitochondria"Isolated Mitochondria" is not in the list (Intact organism, Intact organ, Permeabilized cells, Permeabilized tissue, Homogenate, Isolated mitochondria, SMP, Chloroplasts, Enzyme, Oxidase;biochemical oxidation, ...) of allowed values for the "Preparation" property. 

Regulation: Membrane Potential"Membrane Potential" is not in the list (Aerobic glycolysis, ADP, ATP, ATP production, AMP, Calcium, Coupling efficiency;uncoupling, Cyt c, Flux control, Inhibitor, ...) of allowed values for the "Respiration and regulation" property. 

HRR: Spectrofluorometry"Spectrofluorometry" is not in the list (Oxygraph-2k, TIP2k, O2k-Fluorometer, pH, NO, TPP, Ca, O2k-Spectrophotometer, O2k-Manual, O2k-Protocol, ...) of allowed values for the "Instrument and method" property. 

relationship between safranin fluorescence and mitochondrial membrane potential is discussed