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Gnaiger 2012 Abstract Bioblast-Gentle Science

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Gnaiger E (2012) Gentle Science and the Bioblast Conference. Mitochondr Physiol Network 17.12.

Link: MiPNet17.12 Bioblast Conference - Open Access

Gnaiger E (2012)

Event: Bioblast Conference on Mitochondrial Competence

Erich Gnaiger

The concept of Gentle Science has been a driving force for more than 20 years of continuous development of high-resolution respirometry, which was initiated in a FWF project (1989). Our first generation Oxygraph was commercially available in 1992. A series of applications was presented at a BTK conference in 1994, and a full description of the instrument, method and concept of high-resolution respirometry was published in 1995 [1], when the positive feedback from early users had confirmed the validity of our approach [2]. The concept of O2k-MultiSensor extensions was implemented in the second generation Oxygraph-2k, developed in close cooperation with Phlipp Gradl (WGT-Elektronik) and distributed since 2002.

The strategy of OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS included the close link between university and company, teaching and training with Open Access to our published [3] and unpublished scientific background information, detailed descriptions of O2k-Protocols on our website, and direct communication with our customers and O2k-users (Mitochondrial Physiology Network).

Conforming to the OROBOROS logo we are proud to receive highly positive O2k-Feedback, but also provide help with O2k-Troubleshooting in open discussions. Since a 2007 workshop in Schroecken and the first MiPsummer school 2007, advanced SUIT protocols for sequential activation particularly of CI-, CI+II- and CII-linked respiration are explained in the 'Blue Book'. It is not in the spirit of Gentle Science, however, to receive enthusiastic feedback by Emails and then read in a publication (2008) protocols developed by us without proper citation.


  1. Gnaiger E, Steinlechner-Maran R, Méndez G, Eberl T, Margreiter R (1995) Control of mitochondrial and cellular respiration by oxygen. J Bioenerg Biomembr 27: 583-596.
  2. Gnaiger E (2001) Bioenergetics at low oxygen: dependence of respiration and phosphorylation on oxygen and adenosine diphosphate supply. Respir Physiol 128: 277-297.
  3. Pesta D, Gnaiger E (2012) High-resolution respirometry. OXPHOS protocols for human cells and permeabilized fibres from small biopisies of human muscle. Methods Mol Biol 810: 25-58.

Keywords: High-resolution respirometry, Gentle Science, Oxygraph-2k

O2k-Network Lab: AT Innsbruck OROBOROS, AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E


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HRR: Oxygraph-2k, MiPNet-Publication"MiPNet-Publication" is not in the list (Oxygraph-2k, TIP2k, O2k-Fluorometer, pH, NO, TPP, Ca, O2k-Spectrophotometer, O2k-Manual, O2k-Protocol, ...) of allowed values for the "Instrument and method" property. 



Affiliations and author contributions

OROBOROS INSTRUMENTS, Innsbruck, Austria; and D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria. Email: [email protected]

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