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Gnaiger 2018 EBEC2018 - Revision history
2024-03-28T10:52:24Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Gnaiger Erich at 20:17, 4 July 2022
2022-07-04T20:17:33Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=EBEC2018 Budapest HU</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=EBEC2018 Budapest HU</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(pmf)</del>. This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">+'' </del>or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">+</del>; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>''v''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>of a particle) and local concentration<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff): d<sub>d</sub>''Π''/d''z'' = ''RT''∙d''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pmf </del>is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">b</del>''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del><sub><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B</del></sub> = -''<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">b</del>''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</del><sub><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B</del></sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sub></del>c<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></sub></del><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del>pmp<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del>. (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pmf </del>varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pmf</del>.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''pmF''</ins>. This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins><sub>H<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>+</sup></ins></sub> or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sup>+</sup></ins></sub>; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub></ins>), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>1<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''c<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''/d<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''z<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''v''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''' </ins>of a particle) and local concentration <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''c<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff): d<sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>d<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins></sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''Π<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''/d<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''z<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>'' = ''RT''∙d<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''c<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>d''z<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''v<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>'' and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''c<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>''c<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</ins>'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>2<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>) The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''pmF'' </ins>is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-</ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">u</ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sub>d</sub></ins>∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F<sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">X</ins></sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>= -''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">u</ins>''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sub>d</sub></ins>∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π<sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">X</ins></sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>[6]. (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>3<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub> </ins>= -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>c<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>pmp<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>. (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>4<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''pmF'' </ins>varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><sub>p<sup>+</sup></sub> </ins>versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>pmp<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'' </ins>relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''pmF'' ([7]; added 2022-07-04)</ins>.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
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Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=165236&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 10:13, 3 November 2018
2018-11-03T10:13:02Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Labeling</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|area=Respiration</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|topics=Flux control, Ion;substrate transport, mt-Membrane potential</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|couplingstates=LEAK</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|event=Oral</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|additional=MitoEAGLE</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=165235&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 10:12, 3 November 2018
2018-11-03T10:12:37Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 10:12, 3 November 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Labeling</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|area=Respiration</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|topics=Flux control, Ion;substrate transport, mt-Membrane potential</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|couplingstates=LEAK</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|event=Oral</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|additional=MitoEAGLE,</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::#D. Swarovski Research Lab, Dept Visceral, Transplant Thoracic Surgery, Medical Univ Innsbruck</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::# D. Swarovski Research Lab, Dept Visceral, Transplant Thoracic Surgery, Medical Univ Innsbruck</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::#Oroboros Instruments</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::# Oroboros Instruments</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::::Innsbruck, Austria. - erich.gnaiger@oroboros.at</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::::: Innsbruck, Austria. - erich.gnaiger@oroboros.at</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Labeling</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|area=Respiration</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|topics=Flux control, Ion;substrate transport, mt-Membrane potential</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|couplingstates=LEAK</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|event=Oral</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=164019&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 12:49, 15 October 2018
2018-10-15T12:49:33Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:49, 15 October 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Glynn Research, Bodmin. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenergetics 1807:1507-38.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Glynn Research, Bodmin. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenergetics 1807:1507-38. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">- [[Mitchell 2011 Biochim Biophys Acta |»Bioblast link«]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Garlid KD, Beavis AD, Ratkje SK (1989) On the nature of ion leaks in energy-transducing membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 976:109-20. - [[Garlid 1989 Biochim Biophys Acta |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Garlid KD, Beavis AD, Ratkje SK (1989) On the nature of ion leaks in energy-transducing membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 976:109-20. - [[Garlid 1989 Biochim Biophys Acta |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Beard DA (2005) A biophysical model of the mitochondrial respiratory system and oxidative phosphorylation. PLOS Comput Biol 1(4):e36. - [[Beard 2005 PLOS Comput Biol |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Beard DA (2005) A biophysical model of the mitochondrial respiratory system and oxidative phosphorylation. PLOS Comput Biol 1(4):e36. - [[Beard 2005 PLOS Comput Biol |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=163980&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 20:34, 14 October 2018
2018-10-14T20:34:07Z
<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 20:34, 14 October 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== References ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del>:::# Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Glynn Research, Bodmin. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenergetics 1807:1507-38.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Mitchell P (1966) Chemiosmotic coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Glynn Research, Bodmin. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenergetics 1807:1507-38.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del>:::# Garlid KD, Beavis AD, Ratkje SK (1989) On the nature of ion leaks in energy-transducing membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 976:109-20. - [[Garlid 1989 Biochim Biophys Acta |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Garlid KD, Beavis AD, Ratkje SK (1989) On the nature of ion leaks in energy-transducing membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta 976:109-20. - [[Garlid 1989 Biochim Biophys Acta |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del>:::# Beard DA (2005) A biophysical model of the mitochondrial respiratory system and oxidative phosphorylation. PLOS Comput Biol 1(4):e36. - [[Beard 2005 PLOS Comput Biol |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Beard DA (2005) A biophysical model of the mitochondrial respiratory system and oxidative phosphorylation. PLOS Comput Biol 1(4):e36. - [[Beard 2005 PLOS Comput Biol |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del>:::# Einstein A (1905) Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann Physik 4, XVII:549-60. - [[Einstein 1905 Ann Physik 549 |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Einstein A (1905) Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen. Ann Physik 4, XVII:549-60. - [[Einstein 1905 Ann Physik 549 |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del>:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">:</del>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>:::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Labeling</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Labeling</div></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=161616&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 04:22, 26 August 2018
2018-08-26T04:22:20Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:22, 26 August 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2018</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2018</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=EBEC2018 Budapest HU</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=EBEC2018 Budapest HU</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force (pmf). This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub>+'' or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity, ''v'', of a particle) and local concentration, ''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff): d<sub>d</sub>Π/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dz </del>= <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">RT∙d</del>''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The pmf is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity, ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''b''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>B</sub> = -''b''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>B</sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<sub>c</sub><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure (pmp). (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on pmf varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the pmf.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force (pmf). This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub>+'' or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity, ''v'', of a particle) and local concentration, ''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff): d<sub>d</sub><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>Π<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">d''z'' </ins>= <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">''RT''∙d</ins>''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The pmf is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity, ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''b''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>B</sub> = -''b''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>B</sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<sub>c</sub><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure (pmp). (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on pmf varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the pmf.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|mipnetlab=AT Innsbruck Gnaiger E</div></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=161615&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 04:21, 26 August 2018
2018-08-26T04:21:26Z
<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:21, 26 August 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2018</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|year=2018</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=EBEC2018 Budapest HU</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|event=EBEC2018 Budapest HU</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force (pmf). This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub>+'' or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity, ''v'', of a particle) and local concentration, ''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">equation</del>): d<sub>d</sub>Π/dz = RT∙d''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The pmf is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity, ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''b''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>B</sub> = -''b''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>B</sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<sub>c</sub><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure (pmp). (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on pmf varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the pmf.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force (pmf). This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub>+'' or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity, ''v'', of a particle) and local concentration, ''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff): d<sub>d</sub>Π/dz = RT∙d''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The pmf is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity, ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''b''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>B</sub> = -''b''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>B</sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<sub>c</sub><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure (pmp). (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on pmf varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the pmf.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td></tr>
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Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=160506&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich: Gnaiger Erich moved page Gnaiger 2018b EBEC2018 to Gnaiger 2018 EBEC2018
2018-08-07T02:31:23Z
<p>Gnaiger Erich moved page <a href="/index.php/Gnaiger_2018b_EBEC2018" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnaiger 2018b EBEC2018">Gnaiger 2018b EBEC2018</a> to <a href="/index.php/Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018" title="Gnaiger 2018 EBEC2018">Gnaiger 2018 EBEC2018</a></p>
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:31, 7 August 2018</td>
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Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=160505&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 02:30, 7 August 2018
2018-08-07T02:30:38Z
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::# Gnaiger E (1993) Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of energy transformations. Pure Appl Chem 65:1983-2002. - [[Gnaiger_1993_Pure_Appl_Chem |»Bioblast link«]] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::# Gnaiger E (1989) Mitochondrial respiratory control: energetics, kinetics and efficiency. In: Energy transformations in cells and organisms. Wieser W, Gnaiger E (eds), Thieme, Stuttgart:6-17. - [[Gnaiger_1989_Energy_Transformations |»Bioblast link«]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Labeling</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|topics=Flux control, Ion;substrate transport, mt-Membrane potential</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|couplingstates=LEAK</ins></div></td></tr>
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Gnaiger Erich
https://wiki.oroboros.at/index.php?title=Gnaiger_2018_EBEC2018&diff=160504&oldid=prev
Gnaiger Erich at 02:30, 7 August 2018
2018-08-07T02:30:05Z
<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 02:30, 7 August 2018</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force (pmf). This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub>+'' or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity, ''v'', of a particle) and local concentration, ''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff equation): d<sub>d</sub>Π/dz = RT∙d''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The pmf is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity, ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''b''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>B</sub> = -''b''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>B</sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<sub>c</sub><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure (pmp). (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on pmf varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the pmf.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|abstract=‘.. ''the sum of the '''electrical pressure difference''' and the '''osmotic pressure difference''' (i.e. the electrochemical potential difference) of protons''’ [1] links to non-ohmic flux-force relationships between proton leak and protonmotive force (pmf). This is experimentally established, has direct consequences on mitochondrial physiology, but is theoretically little understood [2,3]. Here I distinguish pressure from potential differences (diffusion: Δ''μ<sub>H</sub>+'' or Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+; electric: Δ''Ψ'' or Δ<sub>el</sub>''F''), to explain non-ohmic flux-'''[[force]]''' relationships on the basis of four thermodynamic theorems. (1) Einstein’s diffusion equation [4] explains the [[concentration]] gradient (d''c''/d''z'') in Fick’s law as the product of chemical potential gradient (the vector force and resistance determine the velocity, ''v'', of a particle) and local concentration, ''c''. This yields the chemical [[pressure]] gradient (van’t Hoff equation): d<sub>d</sub>Π/dz = RT∙d''c''/d''z''. [[Flux]] [5] is the product of ''v'' and ''c''; ''c'' varies with force. Therefore, flux-force relationships are non-linear. (2) The pmf is not a vector force; the gradient is replaced by a pressure difference, and local concentration by a distribution function or free activity, ''α''. Flux is a function of ''α'' and force, ''J''<sub>d</sub> = ''b''∙''α''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>B</sub> = -''b''∙Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>B</sub> [6]. (3) At Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' = -Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, the diffusion pressure of protons, Δ<sub>d</sub>''Π''<sub>H</sub>+ = ''RT''∙Δ<sub>c</sub><sub>H</sub>+ [Pa=J∙m<sup>-3</sup>] is balanced by electric pressure, maintained by counterions of H<sup>+</sup>. Diffusional and electric pressures are isomorphic, additive, and yield protonmotive pressure (pmp). (4) The dependence of [[proton leak]] on pmf varies with Δ<sub>el</sub>''F'' versus Δ<sub>d</sub>''F''<sub>H</sub>+, in agreement with experimental evidence. The flux-force relationship is concave at high mitochondrial volume fractions, but near-exponential at small mt-matrix volume ratios. Linear flux-pmp relationships imply a near-exponential dependence of the proton leak on the pmf.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|editor=[[Gnaiger E]]</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Labeling</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|area=Respiration</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">|topics=Flux control, Ion;substrate transport, mt-Membrane potential</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Labeling}}</del></div></td><td colspan="2"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Affiliations ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::#D. Swarovski Research Lab, Dept Visceral, Transplant Thoracic Surgery, Medical Univ Innsbruck</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>::::#D. Swarovski Research Lab, Dept Visceral, Transplant Thoracic Surgery, Medical Univ Innsbruck</div></td></tr>
</table>
Gnaiger Erich