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MitoPedia: Uncouplers

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high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


MitoPedia: Uncouplers

The MitoPedia terminology is developed continuously in the spirit of Gentle Science.


»O2k-Publications: Uncoupler, »Coupling efficiency;uncoupling

TermAbbreviationDescription
BAM15BAM152-fluorophenyl){6-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino](1,2,5-oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazin-5-yl)}amine (BAM15) is a protonophore or uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation detected in a screen for uncoupling agents exerting less toxicity than commonly used uncouplers and first described by Kennwood et al. 2013. In their comparison of BAM15 with FCCP it was shown to increase oxygen flux to a similar extent as the classical uncoupler, to display a much broader range of concentrations inducing maximum respiration, to stimulate no formation of H2O2, to leave cellular membrane potential unaffected, and to ultimately exert less cytotoxicity.
Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazoneCCCPCarbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, CCCP (U; C9H5ClN4; FW = 204.62) is a protonophore (H+ ionophore) and is used as a potent chemical uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Like all uncouplers, CCCP concentrations must be titrated carefully to evaluated the optimum concentration for maximum stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, particularly to avoid inhibition of respiration at higher CCCP concentrations.
DinitrophenoleDNP2,4-dinitrophenole (C6H4N2O5; M = 184.11 g·mol-1) is a protonophore acting as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.
ET capacityEE.jpg T capacity is the respiratory electron-transfer-pathway capacity E of mitochondria measured as oxygen consumption in the noncoupled state at optimum uncoupler concentration. This optimum concentration is obtained by stepwise titration of an established protonophore to induce maximum oxygen flux as the determinant of ET capacity. The experimentally induced noncoupled state at optimum uncoupler concentration is thus distinguished from (1) a wide range of uncoupled states at any experimental uncoupler concentration, (2) physiological uncoupled states controlled by intrinsic uncoupling (e.g. UCP1 in brown fat), and (3) pathological dyscoupled states indicative of mitochondrial injuries or toxic effects of pharmacological or environmental substances. ET capacity in mitochondrial preparations requires the addition of defined fuel substrates to establish an ET-pathway competent state. » MiPNet article
Ethanolethanol abs.
Ethanol
Ethanol or ethyl alcohol, C2H6O or EtOH, is widely used in the laboratory, particularly as a solvent and cleaning agent. There are different grades of high purity ethanol. Up to a purity of 95.6 % ethanol can be separated from water by destillation. Higher concentrations than 95% require usage of additives that disrupt the azeotrope composition and allow further distillation. Ethanol is qualified as "absolute" if it contains no more than one percent water. Whenever 'ethanol abs.' is mentioned without further specification in published protocols, it refers to ≥ 99 % ethanol a.r. (analytical reagent grade).
FCCPFCCPFCCP (Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl hydrazone, C10H5F3N4O) is a protonophore or uncoupler: added at uncoupler concentration Uc; c is the optimum uncoupler concentration in titrations to obtain maximum mitochondrial respiration in the noncoupled state of ET capacity.
Metabolic control variableXA metabolic control variable X causes the transition between a background state Y (background rate YX) and a reference state Z (reference rate ZX). X may be a stimulator or activator of flux, inducing the step change from background to reference steady state (Y to Z). Alternatively, X may be an inhibitor of flux, absent in the reference state but present in the background state (step change from Z to Y).
Noncoupled respirationEE.jpg Noncoupled respiration is distinguished from general (pharmacological or mechanical) uncoupled respiration, to give a label to an effort to reach the state of maximum uncoupler-activated respiration without inhibiting respiration. Noncoupled respiration, therefore, yields an estimate of ET capacity. Experimentally uncoupled respiration may fail to yield an estimate of ET capacity, due to inhibition of respiration above optimum uncoupler concentrations or insufficient stimulation by sub-optimal uncoupler concentrations. Optimum uncoupler concentrations for evaluation of (noncoupled) ET capacity require inhibitor titrations (Steinlechner-Maran 1996 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol; Huetter 2004 Biochem J; Gnaiger 2008 POS).

Noncoupled respiration is maximum electron flow in an open-transmembrane proton circuit mode of operation (see ET capacity).

» MiPNet article
Perfluorooctanoic acidPFOAPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a metabolically inert perfluorinated fatty acid which activates UCP1 in brown-fat mitochondria. UCP1-dependent respiration can be stimulated with 600 μM PFOA after inhibition of the phosphorylation system.
Preparation of SUIT chemicalsPreparation of SUIT chemicals describes the preparation of chemicals used in Substrate-Uncoupler-Inhibitor Ttitration (SUIT) protocols.
Proton slipProton slip is a property of the proton pumps (Complexes CI, CIII, and CIV) when the proton slips back to the matrix side within the proton pumping process. Slip is different from the proton leak, which depends on Δp and is a property of the inner mt-membrane (including the boundaries between membrane-spanning proteins and the lipid phase). Slip is an uncoupling process that depends mainly on flux and contributes to a reduction in the biochemical coupling efficiency of ATP production and oxygen consumption. Together with proton leak and cation cycling, proton slip is compensated for by LEAK respiration or LEAK oxygen flux, L. Compare: Proton leak.
SF6847SF6847SF6847 (C18H22N2O), also known as tyrphostin A9 or malonoben, is a protonophore and a very potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, being used in the nM range. Like all uncouplers, SF6847 concentrations must be titrated carefully to evaluate the optimum concentration for maximum stimulation of mitochondrial respiration, particularly to avoid inhibition of respiration at higher concentrations.
State 3uEE.jpg Noncoupled state of ET capacity. State 3u (u for uncoupled) has been used frequently in bioenergetics, without sufficient emphasis (e.g. Villani et al 1998) on the fundamental difference between OXPHOS capacity (P, coupled with an uncoupled contribution; State 3) and noncoupled ET capacity (E; State 3u) (Gnaiger 2009; Rasmussen and Rasmussen 2000).
Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titrationSUITMitochondrial Substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration (SUIT) protocols are used with mitochondrial preparations to study respiratory control in a sequence of coupling and substrates states induced by multiple titrations within a single experimental assay.
Tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazoleTTFB4,5,6,7-Tetrachloro-2-trifluoromethylbenzimidazole is a protonophore or uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation.
UncouplerUAn uncoupler is a protonophore (CCCP, FCCP, DNP, SF6847) which cycles across the inner mt-membrane with transport of protons and dissipation of the electrochemical proton gradient. Mild uncoupling may be induced at low uncoupler concentrations, the noncoupled state of ET capacity is obtained at optimum uncoupler concentration for maximum flux, whereas at higher concentrations an uncoupler-induced inhibition is observed.
Uncoupler titrationsIn uncoupler titrations various uncouplers, such as CCCP, FCCP or DNP are applied to uncouple mitochondrial electron transfer from phosphorylation (ATP synthase, ANT and phosphate carrier), particularly with the aim to measure ET capacity. ET capacity is maximum oxygen flux measured as noncoupled respiration with optimum uncoupler concentration.
Uncoupling protein 1UCP1Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is also called thermogenin and is predominantly found in brown adipose tissue (BAT). UCP1 belongs to the gene family of uncoupling proteins. It is vital for the maintenance of body temperature, especially for small mammals. As the essential component of non-shivering thermogenesis, it possesses the ability to build and open a pore in the inner mitochondrial membrane through which protons may flow along their electrochemical gradient, generated by respiration, bypassing the ATP-producing re-entry site at the F1F0-ATP synthase. Thereby the energy stored in the electrochemical gradient is dissipated as heat.
Uncoupling protein 2UCP2Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) belongs to the gene family of uncoupling proteins. Whereas UCP1 acts as an uncoupler, this may not be the case for UCP2.
Uncoupling proteinsUCPUncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial anion carrier proteins that can be found in the inner mitochondrial membranes of animals and plants. UCP1 acts as an uncoupler by dissipating the electrochemical proton gradient (mitochondrial membrane potential), generated by the electron transfer pathway by pumping protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
Volume of the soluteMost of the chemicals for SUIT protocol titrations are prepared by weighing the substance on the balance, transferring to a volumetric glass flask and adding solvent until the intended volume is reached. However, for practical reasons some of the chemical compounds are prepared by just adding the solvent instead of adjusting it's volume. For example, this approach is useful if the substance is very toxic. Then an arbitratry amount is taken, its mass determined on the balance without trying to reach a specific value and the necessary amount of solvent is added. Adding the solvent instead of adjusting its volume is also useful if small amounts are needed (e.g. 1 mL) or if the compound has to be prepared directly before using it like Pyruvate. In these cases the volume contributed by the solute was tested.


Publications: Uncouplers - Regulation and kinetics

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 YearReferenceTissue and cellCell lineMammal and modelNonmammal
Shirakawa 2023 Sci Rep2023Shirakawa R, Nakajima T, Yoshimura A, Kawahara Y, Orito C, Yamane M, Handa H, Takada S, Furihata T, Fukushima A, Ishimori N, Nakagawa M, Yokota I, Sabe H, Hashino S, Kinugawa S, Yokota T (2023) Enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with fatty liver in obese young adults. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32549-wBlood cellsHuman
Gao 2022 Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg2022Gao Y, Shabalina IG, Braz GRF, Cannon B, Yang G, Nedergaard J (2022) Establishing the potency of N-acyl amino acids versus conventional fatty acids as thermogenic uncouplers in cells and mitochondria from different tissues.
Szczerbinski 2021 Cells2021Szczerbinski L, Taylor MA, Puchta U, Konopka P, Paszko A, Citko A, Szczerbinski K, Goscik J, Gorska M, Larsen S, Kretowski A (2021) The response of mitochondrial respiration and quantity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to exercise in humans with prediabetes. Cells 10:3013.Skeletal muscle
Fat
Human
MiPNet09.12 O2k-Titrations2020-08-17
O2k-Protocols
O2k manual titrations: SUIT protocols with mitochondrial preparations.
Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways2020Gnaiger E (2020) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 5th ed. Bioenerg Commun 2020.2. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0002Heart
Skeletal muscle
Fibroblast
Human
Mouse
BEC 2020.1 doi10.26124bec2020-0001.v12020Gnaiger E et al ― MitoEAGLE Task Group (2020) Mitochondrial physiology. Bioenerg Commun 2020.1. https://doi.org/10.26124/bec:2020-0001.v1
Brunetta 2020 J Physiol2020Brunetta HS, Politis-Barber V, Petrick HL, Dennis KMJH, Kirsh AJ, Barbeau PA, Nunes EA, Holloway GP (2020) Nitrate attenuates HFD-induced glucose intolerance in association with reduced epididymal adipose tissue inflammation and mitochondrial ROS emission. J Physiol 598:3357-71.FatMouse
Lemieux 2019 bioRxiv2019Lemieux H, Subarsky P, Doblander C, Wurm M, Troppmair J, Gnaiger E (2019) Mitochondrial respiratory function as an early biomarker of apoptosis induced by growth factor removal. bioRxiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/151480 .Blood cellsMouse
Belosludtsev 2019 Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr2019Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Talanov EY, Tenkov KS, Starinets VS, Agafonov AV, Pavlik LL, Dubinin MV (2019) Effect of bedaquiline on the functions of rat liver mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 1861:288-97.LiverRat
Hards 2018 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2018Hards K, McMillan DGG, Schurig-Briccio LA, Gennis RB, Lill H, Bald D, Cook GM (2018) Ionophoric effects of the antitubercular drug bedaquiline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:7326-31.Eubacteria
Gao 2018 Free Radic Biol Med2018Gao JL, Zhao J, Zhu HB, Peng X, Zhu JX, Ma MH, Fu Y, Hu N, Tai Y, Xuan XC, Dong DL (2018) Characterizations of mitochondrial uncoupling induced by chemical mitochondrial uncouplers in cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 124:288-98.HeartRat
Tai 2018 Acta Pharm Sin B2018Tai Y, Li L, Peng X, Zhu J, Mao X, Qin N, Ma M, Huo R, Bai Y, Dong D (2018) Mitochondrial uncoupler BAM15 inhibits artery constriction and potently activates AMPK in vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 8:909-18.Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cellMouse
Rundle 2018 Environ Sci Technol2018Rundle K, Sharaf M, Stevens D, Kamunde C, Van Den Heuvel MR (2018) Oil sands-derived naphthenic acids are oxidative uncouplers and impair electron transport in isolated mitochondria. Environ Sci Technol 52:10803-11.LiverFishes
Boutoual 2018 Scientific Reports2018Boutoual, R., Meseguer, S., Villarroya, M., Martin-Hernandez, E., Errami, M., Martin, M. A., Casado, M., and Armengod, M. E. (2018) Defects in the mitochondrial-tRNA modification enzymes MTO1 and GTPBP3 promote different metabolic reprogramming through a HIF-PPARgamma-UCP2-AMPK axis. Scientific reports 8, 1163Other cell lines
Fibroblast
Human
Ruas 2018 Sci Rep2018Ruas JS, Siqueira-Santos ES, Rodrigues-Silva E, Castilho RF (2018) High glycolytic activity of tumor cells leads to underestimation of electron transport system capacity when mitochondrial ATP synthase is inhibited. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35679-8Nervous system
Other cell lines
Human
Teplova 2017 Toxicol Lett2017Teplova VV, Belosludtsev KN, Kruglov AG (2017) Mechanism of triclosan toxicity: Mitochondrial dysfunction including complex II inhibition, superoxide release and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 275:108-17.LiverRat
Lemieux 2017 Sci Rep2017Lemieux H, Blier PU, Gnaiger E (2017) Remodeling pathway control of mitochondrial respiratory capacity by temperature in mouse heart: electron flow through the Q-junction in permeabilized fibers. Sci Rep 7:2840. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02789-8HeartMouse
MiPNet10.04 CellRespiration2016-08-08
O2k-Protocols
An experiment with high-resolution respirometry: coupling control in cell respiration.
Blood cellsMouse
Amaral 2016 Biochim Biophys Acta2016Amaral AU, Cecatto C, da Silva JC, Wajner A, Godoy KD, Ribeiro RT, Wajner M (2016) cis-4-Decenoic and decanoic acids impair mitochondrial energy, redox and Ca2+ homeostasis and induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in rat brain and liver: Possible implications for the pathogenesis of MCAD deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta 1857:1363-72.Nervous system
Liver
Rat
Van Schaardenburgh 2016 PLOS ONE2016van Schaardenburgh M, Wohlwend M, Rognmo Ø, Mattsson EJ (2016) Mitochondrial respiration after one session of calf raise exercise in patients with peripheral vascular disease and healthy older adults. PLOS ONE 11:e0165038.Skeletal muscleHuman
Cagnone 2016 Sci Rep2016Cagnone GL, Tsai TS, Makanji Y, Matthews P, Gould J, Bonkowski MS, Elgass KD, Wong AS, Wu LE, McKenzie M, Sinclair DA, John JC (2016) Restoration of normal embryogenesis by mitochondrial supplementation in pig oocytes exhibiting mitochondrial DNA deficiency. Sci Rep 6:23229.GenitalPig
Sparks 2016 Diabetologia2016Sparks LM, Gemmink A, Phielix E, Bosma M, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Jörgensen JA, Nascimento EB, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P, Hoeks J (2016) ANT1-mediated fatty acid-induced uncoupling as a target for improving myocellular insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 59:1030-9.Skeletal muscle
Other cell lines
Human
Mouse
Rat
Hecker 2015 Methods Mol Biol2015Hecker M, Sommer N, Mayer K (2015) Assessment of short- and medium-chain fatty acids on mitochondrial function in severe Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 1265:389-96.Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cellHuman
Gnaiger 2014 MitoPathways2014
O2k-Protocols
Gnaiger E (2014) Mitochondrial pathways and respiratory control. An introduction to OXPHOS analysis. 4th ed. Mitochondr Physiol Network 19.12. Oroboros MiPNet Publications, Innsbruck:80 pp. — see 5th edition: Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways.
Heart
Skeletal muscle
Fibroblast
Human
Mouse
Van Bergen 2014 Mitochondrion2014Van Bergen NJ, Blake RE, Crowston JG, Trounce IA (2014) Oxidative phosphorylation measurement in cell lines and tissues. Mitochondrion 15:24-33.Nervous system
Blood cells
Human
Mouse
Krumschnabel 2014 Methods Enzymol2014Krumschnabel G, Eigentler A, Fasching M, Gnaiger E (2014) Use of safranin for the assessment of mitochondrial membrane potential by high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416618-9.00009-1Nervous systemMouse
Chondronikola 20142014Chondronikola M, Volpi E, Børsheim E, Porter C, Annamalai P, Enerbäck S, Lidell ME, Saraf MK, Labbe SM, Hurren NM, Yfanti 7, Chao T, Andersen CR, Cesani F, Hawkins H, Sidossis LS. (2014) Brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes 63(12):4089-99.FatHuman
Iftikar 2013 PLoS One2013Iftikar FI, Hickey AJ (2013) Do mitochondria limit hot fish hearts? Understanding the role of mitochondrial function with heat stress in Notolabrus celidotus. PLoS One 8:e64120.HeartFishes
Kenwood 2013 Mol Metab2013Kenwood BM, Weaver JL, Bajwa A, Poon IK, Byrne FL, Murrow BA, Calderone JA, Huang L, Divakaruni AS, Tomsig JL, Okabe K, Lo RH, Cameron Coleman G, Columbus L, Yan Z, Saucerman JJ, Smith JS, Holmes JW, Lynch KR, Ravichandran KS, Uchiyama S, Santos WL, Rogers GW, Okusa MD, Bayliss DA, Hoehn KL (2013) Identification of a novel mitochondrial uncoupler that does not depolarize the plasma membrane. Mol Metab 3:114-23.Mouse
Hall 2013 Biochim Biophys Acta2013Hall A, Larsen AK, Parhamifar L, Meyle KD, Wu LP, Moghimi SM (2013) High-resolution respirometry analysis of polyethylenimine-mediated mitochondrial energy crisis and cellular stress: Mitochondrial proton leak and inhibition of the electron transport system. Biochim Biophys Acta 1827:1213-25.Liver
Other cell lines
Mouse
Aidt 2013 PLoS Curr2013Aidt FH, Nielsen SM, Kanters J, Pesta D, Nielsen TT, Nørremølle A, Hasholt L, Christiansen M, Hagen CM (2013) Dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration in the striatum of the Huntington's disease transgenic R6/2 mouse model. PLoS Curr 5. pii:ecurrents.hd.d8917b4862929772c5a2f2a34ef1c201.Nervous systemMouse
Palmeira 2012 Methods Mol Biol2012Palmeira CM, Rolo AP (2012) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) fluctuations associated with the metabolic states of mitochondria. Methods Mol Biol 810:89-101.LiverRat
Figueira 2012 Methods Mol Biol2012Figueira TR, Melo DR, Vercesi AE, Castilho RF (2012) Safranine as a fluorescent probe for the evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential in isolated organelles and permeabilized cells. Methods Mol Biol 810:103-17.Liver
Other cell lines
Rat
Jacobs 2012 FASEB J2012Jacobs R, Siebenmann C, Hug M, Toigo M, Meinild AK, Lundby C (2012) Twenty-eight days at 3454-m altitude diminishes respiratory capacity but enhances efficiency in human skeletal muscle mitochondria. FASEB J 90:5192-200.Skeletal muscleHuman
Friederich-Persson 2012 PLoS One2012Friederich-Persson M, Aslam S, Nordquist L, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS, Palm F (2012) Acute knockdown of uncoupling protein-2 increases uncoupling via the adenine nucleotide transporter and decreases oxidative stress in diabetic kidneys. PLoS One 7:e39635.KidneyRat
Kelly 2011 Mitochondrion2011Kelly OM, McNamara YM, Manzke LH, Meegan MJ, Porter RK (2011) The preservation of in vivo phosphorylated and activated uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria following administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA aka ecstasy) to rats/mice. Mitochondrion. 12:110-19.Skeletal muscle
Liver
Mouse
Rat
Van den Berg 2010 Metabolism2010van den Berg SA, Nabben M, Bijland S, Voshol PJ, van Klinken JB, Havekes LM, Romijn JA, Hoeks J, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P, van Dijk KW (2010) High levels of whole-body energy expenditure are associated with a lower coupling of skeletal muscle mitochondria in C57Bl/6 mice. Metabolism 59:1612-8.Skeletal muscleMouse
Sebollela 2010 Neurotox Res2010Sebollela A, Freitas-Corrêa L, Oliveira FF, Mendes CT, Wasilewska-Sampaio AP, Camacho-Pereira J, Galina A, Brentani H, Passetti F, De Felice FG, Dias-Neto E, Ferreira ST (2010) Expression profile of rat hippocampal neurons treated with the neuroprotective compound 2,4-dinitrophenol: Up-regulation of cAMP signaling genes. Neurotox Res 18:112-23.Nervous systemRat
Dikov 2010 Exp Gerontol2010Dikov D, Aulbach A, Muster B, Dröse S, Jendrach M, Bereiter-Hahn J (2010) Do UCP2 and mild uncoupling improve longevity? Exp Gerontol 45:586-95.HeLa
Fibroblast
HUVEC
Lanza 2009 Methods Enzymol2009Lanza IR, Nair KS (2009) Functional assessment of isolated mitochondria in vitro. Methods Enzymol 457:349-72.Skeletal muscleHuman
Nabben 2008 FEBS Lett2008Nabben M, Hoeks J, Briedé JJ, Glatz JF, Moonen-Kornips E, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P (2008) The effect of UCP3 overexpression on mitochondrial ROS production in skeletal muscle of young versus aged mice. FEBS Lett 582:4147-52.Skeletal muscleMouse
Crisan 2008 Stem Cells2008Crisan M, Casteilla L, Lehr L, Carmona OMC, Paoloni-Giacobino A, Yap S, Sun B, Leger B, Logar A, Penicaud L, Schrauwen P, Cameron-Smith D, Russell AP, Peault B, Giacobino JP (2008) A reservoir of brown adipocyte progenitors in human skeletal muscle. Stem Cells 26:2425-33.Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cellHuman
Mouse
Gnaiger 2008 POS2008Gnaiger E (2008) Polarographic oxygen sensors, the oxygraph and high-resolution respirometry to assess mitochondrial function. In: Mitochondrial dysfunction in drug-induced toxicity (Dykens JA, Will Y, eds) John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ:327-52.Blood cellsMouse
Lou 2007 Biochem J2007Lou PH, Hansen BS, Olsen PH, Tullin S, Murphy MP, Brand MD (2007) Mitochondrial uncouplers with an extraordinary dynamic range. Biochem J 407:129-40.Skeletal muscle
Liver
Islet cell;pancreas;thymus
Rat
Huetter 2006 Exp Gerontol2006Hütter E, Unterluggauer H, Garedew A, Jansen-Dürr P, Gnaiger E (2006) High-resolution respirometry - a modern tool in aging research. Exp Gerontol 41:103-9.Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cell
HUVEC
Human
Mozo 2006 Biochem J2006Mozo J, Ferry G, Studeny A, Pecqueur C, Rodriguez M, Boutin JA, Bouillaud F (2006) Expression of UCP3 in CHO cells does not cause uncoupling but controls mitochondrial activity in the presence of glucose. Biochem J 393:431-9.CHOOther mammals
Garedew 2005 Eur Shock Soc2005Garedew A, Hütter E, Haffner B, Gradl P, Gradl L, Jansen-Dürr P, Gnaiger E (2005) High-resolution respirometry for the study of mitochondrial function in health and disease. The Oroboros O2k. Proc 11th Congress Eur Shock Soc, Vienna, Austria (Redl H, ed) Medimond, Bologna:107-11.FibroblastHuman
Huetter 2004 Biochem J2004Hütter E, Renner K, Pfister G, Stöckl P, Jansen-Dürr P, Gnaiger E (2004) Senescence-associated changes in respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in primary human fibroblasts. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20040095FibroblastHuman
Pecina 2003 Biochim Biophys Acta2003Pecina P, Capkova M, Chowdhury SK, Drahota Z, Dubot A, Vojtiskova A, Hansikova H, Houstekova H, Zeman J, Godinot C, Houstek J (2003) Functional alteration of cytochrome c oxidase by SURF1 mutations in Leigh syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta 1639:53-63.Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cell
Fibroblast
Human
MiPNet04.05 Titration-Injection1999-01
O2k-Protocols contents
From step titration to ramp injection: Uncoupling by FCCP with TIP.
Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cell
HUVEC
Human
Gnaiger 1998 Biochim Biophys Acta1998Gnaiger E, Lassnig B, Kuznetsov AV, Margreiter R (1998) Mitochondrial respiration in the low oxygen environment of the cell: Effect of ADP on oxygen kinetics. Biochim Biophys Acta 1365:249-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00076-0Heart
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Rat
Skulachev 1998 Biochim Biophys Acta1998Skulachev VP (1998) Uncoupling: new approaches to an old problem of bioenergetics. Biochim Biophys Acta 1363:100-124.
Steinlechner-Maran 1996 Am J Physiol Cell Physiol1996Steinlechner-Maran R, Eberl T, Kunc M, Margreiter R, Gnaiger E (1996) Oxygen dependence of respiration in coupled and uncoupled endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 271:C2053-61.Endothelial;epithelial;mesothelial cell
HUVEC
Human
Hatefi 1975 Fed Proc1975Hatefi Y, Hanstein WG, Galante Y, Stiggall DL (1975) Mitochondrial ATP-Pi exchange complex and the site of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Fed Proc 34:1699-706.
Boveris 1973 Biochem J1973Boveris A, Chance B (1973) The mitochondrial generation of hydrogen peroxide. General properties and effect of hyperbaric oxygen. Biochem J 134:707-16.HeartRat
Birds
Klingenberg 1970 Eur J Biochem1970Klingenberg M (1970) Localization of the glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase in the outer phase of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Eur J Biochem 13:247-52.


Publications: Uncouplers - ETS capacity

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Related topics

»O2k-Publications: Coupling efficiency;uncoupling
»O2k-Publications: Instruments;methods
»MitoPedia: Uncouplers