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Difference between revisions of "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide"

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|abbr=NADH
|abbr=NADH
|description='''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH<sub>2</sub>]]). In the [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH are not permeable through the [[Mitochondrial inner membrane|mt-inner membrane]], mtIM. Therefore, an increase of mitochondrial respiration after the addition of NADH may indicate an alteration of the mtIM integrity. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]].
|description='''Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide''', NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare [[FADH2 |FADH<sub>2</sub>]]). In the [[NADH electron transfer-pathway state]] fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of [[Complex I]] (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the [[TCA cycle]] and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the [[N-junction]] (compare [[F-junction]], [[Q-junction]]). NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH are not permeable through the [[Mitochondrial inner membrane|mt-inner membrane]], mtIM. Therefore, an increase of mitochondrial respiration after the addition of NADH may indicate an alteration of the mtIM integrity. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the [[malate-aspartate shuttle]] or [[Glycerophosphate_dehydrogenase_complex|glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex]].
|info=[[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]]
}}
}}
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Revision as of 15:23, 25 January 2021


high-resolution terminology - matching measurements at high-resolution


Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Description

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD+ and NADH (pyridine nucleotide coenzymes, NAD and NADP), is an oxidation-reduction coenzyme (redox cofactor; compare FADH2). In the NADH electron transfer-pathway state fuelled by type N substrates, mt-matrix dehydrogenases generate NADH, the substrate of Complex I (CI). The mt-NADH pool integrates the activity of the TCA cycle and various matrix dehydrogenases upstream of CI, and thus forms a junction or funnel of electron transfer to CI, the N-junction (compare F-junction, Q-junction). NAD+ and NADH are not permeable through the mt-inner membrane, mtIM. Therefore, an increase of mitochondrial respiration after the addition of NADH may indicate an alteration of the mtIM integrity. Cytosolic NADH is effectively made available for mitochondrial respiration through the malate-aspartate shuttle or glycerophosphate dehydrogenase Complex.

Abbreviation: NADH

Reference: Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways

Communicated by Gnaiger E 2016-02-12, last edit 2019-07-01. 

Application in HRR

Nicotinadeninedinucleotide, NADH (ฮฒ-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced potassium salt, C21H27N7O14P2K2); Sigma A 4505, 100 mg, store at -20 ยฐC (old Sigma recommendation: 4-8 ยฐC); FW = 742.61, for important considerations concerning storage of NADH (powder and solutions) and preparation of solutions see the product information from Sigma: [1]. The same precautions are recommended by Sigma for the sodium salt.


Historical terminology

  • DPN+ = NAD+
  • DPNH, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADH
  • TPN+ = NADP+
  • TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide = NADPH


MitoPedia topics: Substrate and metabolite