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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "According-20to-20the-20latest-20statistics,-20various-20cardiovascular-20diseases-0Aaccounted-20for-208.3-25-20of-20natural-20deaths-20in-20South-20Africa-20during-202013,-0Aranking-20the-206th-20place-20as-20cause-20of-20mortality.-20With-20the-20efficiency-0Aof-20therapies-20aimed-20at-20decreasing-20mortality-20from-20heart-20disease,-20life-0Aexpectancy-20increased.-20As-20result-20of-20this,-20the-20focus-20of-20recent-20research-0Achanged-20towards-20understanding-20the-20energy-20demands-20of-20the-20heart-20in-0Aorder-20to-20optimize-20function.-20Because-20of-20its-20high-20energetic-20needs,-20the-0Ahuman-20heart-20utilizes-20between-203.5-20and-206-20kg-20of-20ATP-20per-20day-20to-20function.-0AThis-20is-20produced-20by-20its-20mitochondrial-20populations-20which-20occupy-20up-20to-0A50-25-20of-20the-20volume-20of-20a-20cardiomyocyte.-20A-20close-20link-20therefore-20exists-0Abetween-20mitochondrial-20dysfunction-20and-20heart-20disease.-20In-20addition,-20there-0Ais-20growing-20recognition-20that-20inborn-20errors-20of-20metabolism-20can-20influence-0Acardiomyocyte-20dysfunction-20-5B1-5D-20and-20that-20primary-20inherited-20mitochondrial-0Adiseases-20display-20a-20full-20spectrum-20of-20cardiac-20disorders-20-5B2-5D.-0AATM-20is-20a-20350kDa-20serine-2Fthreonine-20protein-20kinase-20displaying-20homologies-0Ato-20the-20large-20protein-20family-20of-20PI3-2DKinases,-20although-20it-20lacks-20the-20ability-20to-0Aphosphorylate-20lipids-20-5B3-5D.-20It-20came-20under-20scrutiny-20because-20of-20the-20disease,-0AAtaxia-2Dtelangiectasie-20(A-2DT),-20which-20is-20an-20autosomal,-20recessive-20disorder-0Athat-20progressively-20affects-20multiple-20organs.-20This-20disease-20is-20caused-20by-0Amutations-20in-20the-20Atm-20gene,-20resulting-20in-20lack-20or-20inactivation-20of-20the-20ATM-0Aprotein-20-5B4-5D.-20ATM-20in-20the-20cell-20can-20be-20localized-20to-20the-20nucleus,-20cytoplasm-20of-0Amitochondria.-0A-0AWe-20became-20interested-20in-20myocardial-20ATM-20because-20it-20was-20found-20that-0Askeletal-20muscle-20of-20insulin-20resistant,-20obese-20rats-20had-20dramatically-20reduced-0Alevels-20of-20the-20so-2Dcalled-20ATM-20protein,-20in-20association-20with-20the-20well-2Dknown-0Areduced-20activation-20of-20the-20insulin-2F-20phosphatidylinositol-203-20kinases-20(PI3-2D-0Akinase)-2FPKB-2FAkt-20pathway,-20which-20is-20the-20main-20mechanism-20of-20relaying-20the-0Ametabolic-20effects-20of-20insulin-20-5B5-5D.-20Foster-20et-20al-20-5B6-5D-20found-20structural-20and-20functional-20changes-20in-20the-20hearts-20of-20ATM-20KO-20mice,-20using-20echocardiography-20and-0ADoppler-20echocardiography.-0A-0AThe-20mitochondrial-20association-20of-20ATM-20protein-20kinase-20plays-20an-20important-0Arole-20in-20its-20integrity-20and-20functioning-20such-20that-20ATM-20deficiency-20results-20in-0Adefects-20in-20mitochondrial-20respiration-20-5B7-5D.-20ATM-20also-20regulates-20mitochondrial-0Abiogenesis-20and-20DNA-20content-20-5B8-5D.-20In-20addition,-20it-20was-20demonstrated-20that-20a-0Amitochondria-2Dtargeted-20antioxidant-20MitoQ,-20could-20decrease-20the-20features-20of-0Athe-20metabolic-20syndrome-20in-20ATM+-2F-2DApoE-2D-2F-2D-20mice-20-5B9-5D.-20This-20may-20be-20because-0Aone-20of-20the-20mechanisms-20known-20to-20activate-20the-20ATM-20protein-20is-20increased-0Aoxidative-20stress.-20Activated-20ATM-20initiates-20an-20anti-2Doxidant-20response-20based-0Aon-20a-20metabolic-20shift-20while,-20in-20fibroblast-20cell-20lines,-20inactivation-20of-20ATM-0Ais-20associated-20with-20increased-20ROS-20levels-20followed-20by-20expression-20and-0Aactivation-20of-20the-20transcription-20factor-20HIF-2D1alpha-20-5B10-5D." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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