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Property "Has-20abstract" (as page type) with input value "Aerobic-20exercise-20and-20several-20aspects-20of-20life-20style-20influence-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20function-20in-20human-20muscle,-20in-20addition-20to-20effects-20of-20age,-20gender-20and-20genetic-20background.-20In-20the-20present-20study,-20a-20significant-20part-20of-20the-20variability-20in-20respiration-20of-20human-20mitochondria-20-5B1-5D-20was-20explained-20by-20analysis-20of-20readily-20accessible-20background-20information-20on-2025-20healthy-20human-20subjects-20(19-20males-20and-206-20females-3B-2022-20to-2046-20years).-20Based-20on-20a-20novel-20multi-2Dsubstrate-2Finhibitor-20protocol,-20this-20approach-20advances-20the-20functional-20analysis-20in-20mitochondrial-20physiology-20and-20pathology.-0A-0AA-20protocol-20for-20high-2Dresolution-20respirometry-20(with-20two-20or-20three-20Oroboros-20Oxygraph-2D2k-20operated-20in-20parallel)-20was-20designed-20for-20quantification-20of-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20capacities-20in-20permeabilized-20muscle-20fibers-20obtained-20from-20small-20needle-20biopsies-20(2-20to-206-20mg-20per-20run-3B-202-20or-204-20runs-20per-20subject).-20Cell-20membranes-20were-20selectively-20permeabilized-20-5B2-5D,-20and-20lack-20of-20respiratory-20stimulation-20by-20cytochrome-20c-20indicated-20an-20intact-20outer-20mitochondrial-20membrane-20(Fig.-201).-20Measurements-20were-20performed-20at-2030-20°C-20in-20the-20range-20of-2020-20to-2050-20kPa-20oxygen-20pressure-20(210-20to-20530-20µM),-20to-20avoid-20oxygen-20limitation-20-5B3-5D.-20In-20this-20range,-20autoxidation-20of-20ascorbate-20and-20TMPD-20was-20a-20linear-20function-20of-20oxygen,-20which-20was-20applied-20for-20correction-20of-20chemical-20background-20oxygen-20flux.-0A-0AADP-2Dstimulated-20respiration-20with-20malate+octanoylcarnitine-20(state-20OM3)-20was-2046-20-25-20compared-20to-20further-20addition-20of-20glutamate-20(state-20GM3).-20An-20additive-20effect-20was-20exerted-20by-20parallel-20complex-20I+II-20electron-20input-20(the-20GS3-2FGM3-20ratio-20was-201.6),-20since-20respiration-20with-20succinate-2Frotenone-20(S3)-20was-20only-201.1-20times-20the-20state-20GM3-20(Fig.-201).-20In-20a-20variation-20of-20this-20protocol,-20FCCP-20was-20titrated-20upon-20state-20GS3,-20yielding-20a-20further-2044-20-25-20increase-20(and-20a-20corresponding-20GSu-2FGM3-20ratio-20of-202.4).-20State-20GS3,-20therefore,-20reflects-20the-20capacity-20of-20the-20phosphorylation-20system,-20in-20agreement-20with-20results-20on-20isolated-20mitochondria-20-5B4-5D.-20The-20coupled-20state-20GS3-20represents-20the-20physiologically-20relevant-20upper-20limit-20of-20respiration,-20providing-20parallel-20complex-20I-20and-20II-20input-20in-20accordance-20with-20an-20operational-20TCA-20cycle.-20The-20physiological-20excess-20capactiy-20of-20COX,-20expressed-20as-20the-20COX-2FGM3-20ratio-20was-202.7,-20whereas-20the-20COX-2FGS3-20ratio-20was-201.4.-20Respiratory-20adenylate-20control-20ratios-20were-20identical-20with-20octanoylcarnitie-20(OM3-2FOM2)-20and-20succinate-20(S3-2FS4o).-0A-0AState-20GS3-20declined-20significantly-20as-20a-20function-20of-20body-20mass-20index-20(BMI-3B-20body-20weight-2Fhight2)-20in-20the-2019-20males,-20which-20explained-20~60-20-25-20of-20total-20variability.-20BMI-20was-20independent-20of-20age,-20as-20was-20the-20GS3-20respiratory-20capacity.-20Fatty-20acid-20oxidation-20capacity-20(state-20OM3),-20however,-20declined-20-20significantly-20with-20age-20(males-20and-20females-20combined),-20thus-20extending-20a-20study-20on-20isolated-20mitochondria-20-5B1-5D-20to-20a-20surprisingly-20narrow-20range-20of-20ages.-20Consideration-20of-20BMI-20and-20age,-20therefore,-20improves-20the-20diagnostic-20resolution-20of-20functional-20mitochondrial-20respiratory-20analyses." contains invalid characters or is incomplete and therefore can cause unexpected results during a query or annotation process.

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