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uncoupling of the mitochondrial proton gradient. These data suggest that

...h GDAP1 dominant mutations, which according to the affected domain cause a gradient of severity. Indeed, the p.C240Y mutation, located within GDAP1 glutathione

...O2, Oxygen disappearance curve, Phosphorescence quenching method, Cell PO2 gradient

...consumption required to offset the dissipation of the transmembrane proton gradient in the absence of ATP synthesis was not correlated with either MMR or SMR.

...cal quenching. This dissipative pathway is under the control of the proton gradient generated by the electron flow and the xanthophyll cycle. A second protecti

...ified neuronal mitochondria from brain tissue. The method combines Percoll gradient centrifugation to obtain synaptosomal fraction with nitrogen cavitation med

...lected by venous punction and PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll-based dense gradient centrifugation following storage at -80° C until analysis. After thawing c

...y stabilising transmembrane proteins, buffering fluctuations of the proton gradient, protecting mtDNA, and mediating oxidative damage - related apoptotic signa

...g the Atlantic coast of North America, through a steep latitudinal thermal gradient. The northern subspecies has faster development, more rapid growth, higher

Protocol of mitochondrial isolation was based on sucrose step density gradient centrifugation method as adapted from previous study. OCR of isolated mitoc

...of hydrogen ions (H⁺), which are moved down an electrochemical gradient, e.g. from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix.

...iration. Crude mitochondrial fraction and mitochondria purified on sucrose gradient were compared. We confirmed that pig brain mitochondria can serve as a biol

...'Ψ''_mt and the chemical part is related to the transmembrane pH gradient ΔpH. Although the contribution of ΔpH to ''pmF'' is smaller than that of

...id bilayers. The conductance of the reconstituted channel was 265 pS under gradient (50/450 mM KCl) conditions. Its reversal potential was equal to 50 mV, whic

...etry is maintained also in the presence of a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. Furthermore, the present study indicates that a careful analysis of the te

...uently, ATP synthesis and proton leak compete for the same electrochemical gradient. Because proton leak co-varies negatively with body mass, it is unknown whe

...nonsynaptic mitochondria were purified from Tg2576 mice brains by density gradient centrifugation. Mitochondrial proteins were separated by IEF or Blue-native

...er membrane (mtIM) consisting of a proton (ΔpH) and electrical charge (Δψ) gradient. CI actively participates in sustaining these gradients via trans-mtIM prot

...on is the product of mobility and concentration. In a linear concentration gradient the conductivity is a nonlinear function of the force, which is considered

...rial membrane potential (ΔΨm) due to their ability to dissipate the proton gradient, which results in the uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration from ATP prod

...sphorylation, Creatine kinase; Hexokinase, Compartmentation, Concentration gradient, Rat

...'Ψ''_mt and the chemical part is related to the transmembrane pH gradient ΔpH. Although the contribution of ΔpH to ''pmF'' is smaller than that of

...philic cations, yielded the Nernstian ΔΨ, i.e. 30 mV per ten-fold dication gradient. In the State 4 mitochondria, dications stimulated respiration and lowered

...role of main catalysts of futile proton leak of the proton electrochemical gradient generated by the respiratory chain. However, we found that a high concentra

...nvolvement of the cytoskeleton in maintaining a differential mitochondrial gradient at sites such as the lamina cribosa. The downstream consequences of these m

...embrane. The enzyme uses the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient as a force to drive ATP synthesis. Point mutations in ATP6 gene were identi

...ibe the interaction between particles as [[vector]]s with direction of a [[gradient]] in space, causing a change in the motion ([[acceleration]]) of the partic ...electrochemical gradient"'' - <span style="color:#FF0000"> Electrochemical gradient = Gibbs energy change?

...ic enzymes migrated together in intact mitochondria during sucrose density gradient centrifugations despite changes in the equilibrium position of the mitochon

...tation by the enzymatic capacity of utilizating the electrochemical proton gradient).

...ed with controls. In addition, accumulation of 3-NT paralleled the hypoxia gradient ''in vivo'' and 3-NT levels were increased in mitochondrial proteins. Liver

...emia or together with reperfusion, normal electron fluxes, electrochemical gradient for protons and ATP synthesis were almost completely preserved, and mitocho

...ns to the electron transport chain, maintaining the electrochemical proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane, and supporting ATP synthesis in ''

...XPHOS capacity, which remains in excess to maximize the ''p''_O2 gradient from the red blood cell to cytochrome ''c'' oxidase.

...hock were included. At days 1 and 7, PBMCs were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Mitochondrial respiration of intact septic PBMCs was assess

...mitochondrial isolation were chosen (differential centrifugation, sucrose gradient separation, a commercial kit). Samples prepared with two different methods

...r indirect role of CLPP in the process of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Gradient sedimentation analysis demonstrates an increase in the steady state levels

...a. accumulation of pre-RNA and strongly decreased levels of mRNA). Sucrose gradient sedimentation analyzes suggest that yer''077cp'' might bind to a small subu

...ub>). This electron transport is accompanied by the generation of a proton gradient across the membranes (ΔpH), allowing the production of ATP by ATP synthase

...oxidase (CcO) is the only enzyme that utilizes oxygen to produce a proton gradient for ATP production in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Mammalian Cc

...mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) – using the proton gradient generated by the respiratory chain it synthetizes approximately 90 % of cel

...lations (Northern, Southern, and Hybrid) which reside over a large thermal gradient. During acute high temperature shifts (37 °C), liver mitochondria isolated

..., and the activation of metabolic enzymes. Mitochondria maintain a calcium gradient between the matrix and the cytoplasm, via the actions of specific transport

#Rieger B, Junge W, Busch KB (2014) Lateral pH gradient between OXPHOS complex IV and F0F1 ATP-synthase in folded mitochondrial mem

...mitochondria located in nerve cell terminals (synaptosomes) using Percoll gradient centrifugation from WT (C57BL/6J) and apoE KO (Apoetn1Unc) mice. Mitochondr

...ifferent patterns in the gels. When palmitoyl-CoA was added to the sucrose gradient fractions containing OXPHOS supercomplexes in the presence of potassium cya

...into mitochondria to the generation and subsequent dissipation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, this electron transport chain driv

...|UCP1]] acts as an [[uncoupler]] by dissipating the electrochemical proton gradient ([[mitochondrial membrane potential]]), generated by the [[electron transfe

...outer membrane. Signalosomes were separated from mitochondria in a Percoll gradient and further purified to remove mitochondrial debris using Triton X-100 at 4

The impact of a lack of an electrochemical gradient substantiated by absence of glucose and presence of cyanide predisposing to

...+</sup>/K⁺ antiporter can be used to dissipate transmembrane pH gradient, which results in increased [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane

...+</sup>/K⁺ antiporter can be used to dissipate transmembrane pH gradient, which results in increased [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane

...he successive combination of various separation media for multiple density gradient centrifugation steps, at optimized volumes and centrifugation settings. Nex

.../sup>+/K⁺+ antiporter can be used to dissipate transmembrane pH gradient, which results in increased [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane

...diluted in equal volume of Phosphate Buffer Saline and layered on density-gradient media (Histopaque, Sigma Aldrich, MO, USA) before being centrifuged at 800g

...mes) from wild-type (C57BL/6J) and ApoE KO (Apoetn1Unc) mice using Percoll gradient centrifugation. Oxygen consumption of permeabilized and nonpermeabilized sy

...trength medium. Signalosomes were separated from mitochondria in a Percoll gradient and further purified to remove mitochondrial debris using Triton X-100 at 4

...+</sup>/K⁺ antiporter can be used to dissipate transmembrane pH gradient, which results in increased [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane

...ear cells (PBMC) were isolated from whole blood (15 ml) using Ficoll dense gradient centrifugation. Total PBMC were cryopreserved in Mannheim and after thawing

...I induction. Briefly, PBMCs were separated from whole blood by the density gradient centrifugation method using Histopaque solution. High-resolution respiromet

...the force driving ATP synthesis, highlighting the complex electrochemical gradient's role. ...nt, T is temperature in Kelvin, F is Faraday's constant, and ΔpH is the pH gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. If Δψ = 150 mV, T = 310 K, and ΔpH =

...function. Current thinking envisages tumor cells as compliant to an oxygen gradient within the tumor mass. Those cells on the periphery utilize oxygen whereas

...concentration is maintained at zero, and diffuses along the concentration gradient from the stirred medium to the cathode, resulting in a linear calibration b

...+</sup>/K⁺ antiporter can be used to dissipate transmembrane pH gradient, which results in increased [[Mitochondrial membrane potential|mt-membrane

...lls (PBMCs) were isolated from EDTA blood or heparinized blood via density gradient centrifugation (Histopaque, Sigma-Aldrich). The isolated fractions were sup

...y be ascribed mainly to the flow of water, as such, under its own activity gradient, following

...BMC were isolated from non-fasting EDTA-buffered whole blood using density gradient centrifugation procedures. Isolated intact PBMC were cryopreserved using st

...arted 1 h after blood collection. PBMC were isolated in Ficoll-Pague™ PLUS gradient centrifugation medium using 50 mL Leucosep tubes [1]. Whole blood and isola

...blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from EDTA blood via density gradient centrifugation (Histopaque, Sigma-Aldrich). The isolated fractions were sup

...13:25 || 8.4. || '''1. Four protonmotive theorems''' || diffusive pressure gradient || pressure difference and potential difference || diffusive and electric p

...ased with combustion of the macronutrients is stored initially as a proton gradient across a membrane. Subsequently, this stored energy is used to convert ADP

...H. When PTP opening becomes long-lasting, it causes collapse of the proton gradient preventing ATP synthesis, as well as equilibration of ionic gradients and s

...ysfunction. Current thinking considers tumor cells as adapted to an oxygen gradient within the tumor mass. Those cells exposed to oxygen will utilize the gas a

...flux and velocity: stationary state of diffusion in a linear concentration gradient.]]

...ere isolated from ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) blood by density gradient centrifugation (Histopaque, Sigma-Aldrich). The isolated fractions were sup

...by titration of established uncouplers (FCCP, DNP), to decrease the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and measure the capacity of the ele

...L''''' = '''''u'''''·'''''c''''' in continuous transport processes along a gradient ('''''c''''' is the local concentration), or ''L'' = ''u''·''α'' (''α''

...ive. In this non-phosphorylating resting state, the electrochemical proton gradient is increased to a maximum, exerting feedback control by depressing oxygen f

...hell's four modules to four protonmotive theorems''' || diffusive pressure gradient || pressure difference and potential difference || diffusive and electric p

...production at some intermediary ''p''_O2 levels along the oxygen gradient.

...r respiratory experiments with respect to existing methods such as density gradient centrifugation 20 are that the method is quick and mitochondria are isolate :::::: Ref 29: "However, the use of tissue homogenization/density gradient centrifugation to isolate mitochondria is a disadvantage, as it may influen

...ethods on mitochondrial respiration of platelets: apheresis versus density gradient centrifugation'''<br>

...me, Demaurex Nicolas (2011) Dynamic regulation of the mitochondrial proton gradient during cytosolic calcium elevations. - [[Poburko 2011 J Biol Chem |»Biobla