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|abbr=''U'' [J] ...with "[[Helmholtz energy]]", ''A'', as [[enthalpy]], ''H'', contrasts with Gibbs energy, ''G''.

...in Part 3, see [[Force#Gibbs_energy_or_Gibbs_force.3F |'''Gibbs energy or Gibbs force?''']] ...radiction to the presentation of Figure 3.2, which attempts to explain the Gibbs energy of reaction by states maintained </span style> ''"by continuously su

|abbr=''G'' [J] |description='''Gibbs energy''' ''G'' [J] is [[exergy]] which cannot be created internally (subscript i), but in con

...s compensated by a coupled [[endergonic]] (partial) process, such that the Gibbs energy change of the total transformation is zero. Final [[thermodynamic eq ...mics with an emphasis on standard Gibbs energy changes [2], in contrast to Gibbs energy changes estimated for actual states.

...rrier to target mitochondria without uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation. J Med Chem 64:662-76. |authors=Kulkarni CA, Fink BD, Gibbs BE, Chheda PR, Wu M, Sivitz WI, Kerns RJ

...mics with an emphasis on standard Gibbs energy changes [2], in contrast to Gibbs energy changes estimated for actual states. ...''': This is usually taken to be a reaction for which the overall standard Gibbs energy change Δ''G''° is positive. Some workers use this term with refere

...reduces mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipose tissue in mice. Biochem J 475:561-9. ...n BW, Parker BA, Hodson AE, Tippetts TS, Harrison ME, Appiah MMA, Witt JE, Gibbs JL, Gray HM, Sant TM, Bikman BT

.../sub>. Abstract units ''u''_''Q'' (such as dm³=L, kg, J) are linked to measured quantities (such as volume, mass, energy): ...xample, the axis label for volume-specific oxygen flux may be written as ''J''_''V'',O₂ / [pmol/(s·mL)] and cell-count specific ox

...function with cigarette smoke exposure in a ceramide-dependent manner. Int J Mol Sci 18:1099. ..., Trumbull Annie M, Harrison Mitchell E, Winden Duane R, Pearson Mackenzie J, Tippetts Trevor S, Holland William L, Reynolds Paul R, Bikman Benjamin T

...A, Krakowiak K, Maidstone R, Iqbal M, Zi M, Prehar S, Cartwright EJ, Gibbs J, Matthews LC, Adamson AD, Humphreys NE, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Minczuk M, Bechto ...A, Krakowiak K, Maidstone R, Iqbal M, Zi M, Prehar S, Cartwright EJ, Gibbs J, Matthews LC, Adamson AD, Humphreys NE, Rebelo-Guiomar P, Minczuk M, Bechto

...givalis'' negatively alters gingival cell mitochondrial bioenergetics. Int J Dent 2017:2697210. |authors=Napa K, Baeder AC, Witt JE, Rayburn ST, Miller MG, Dallon BW, Gibbs JL, Wilcox SH, Winden DR, Smith JH, Reynolds PR, Bikman BT

|abbr=''µ''_B [J/mol] ...µ''_B [J/mol], is the partial derivative of Gibbs energy, ''G'' [J], per amount of B, ''n''_B [mol], at constant temperature, pressu

|abbr=''E''; various [J] ...thermodynamics as a specific form of [[energy]]. Exergy as the dissipated Gibbs or Helmholtz energy is the irreversibly dissipated (internal) loss of the p

...</sub>''G''_Glc [kJ·mol^-1], and the specific quantity Gibbs energy per mole glucose contained in a system, ''G''_Glc [kJ·mol

...tochondrial dysfunction and increases PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. Am J Hum Genet 98:500-13. ...rack P, Leutenegger AL, Nalls MA, Hernandez DG, Heutink P, Gibbs JR, Hardy J, Wood NW, Gasser T, Durr A, Deleuze JF, Tazir M, Destée A, Lohmann E, Kaba

|abbr=''j_E-L ...</sub> ratio) and output/input force ratio (Gibbs force of phosphorylation/Gibbs force of oxidation). The [[biochemical coupling efficiency]] expressed as t

...tion. The new concept accounts for the effects exerted on flux by both the Gibbs force of reaction and the total concentration of all substrates and product |keywords=Gibbs force, free activity, reaction pressure

...; d_m''F''_''X''; Δ_tr''F''_''X'' [J·MU^-1] ...motive particle ''X'', d_'''m''''''''F'''''_''X'' [N ≡ J∙m^-1 = m∙kg∙s^-2]. These forces describe the inte

...of reaction, Δ_r''G'' [J], and Gibbs force equal to the partial Gibbs energy change per [[advancement]] of reaction [3]. For the protonmotive for ...nt]] of diffusion, in particle units [J·x^-1] or chemical units [J·mol^-1].

|abbr=''H'' [J] |description='''Enthalpy''', ''H'' [J], can under conditions of constant gas pressure neither be destroyed nor cr

|abbr=''B'' [J] The ''free'' energy change (Helmoltz or Gibbs; d''A'' or d''G'') is the ''total'' energy change (total inner energy or en

|abstract=Biochemical '''cell ergometry''' aims at measurement of ''J''_O2,max (compare ''V''_O2,max in exercise ergometry of ...ub>=∂''G''/∂_k''ξ''_O2; typically -470 kJ/mol or -0.47 J/µmol O₂) to obtain the mass-specific aerobic input power [W·kg

|abbr=''j_P-L'' ...tio and ''P-L'' control efficiency are related by a hyperbolic function, ''j_P-L'' = 1-RCR^-1.

...of bioenergetics studies. J Biol Chem 207:101140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101140 |journal=J Biol Chem

...electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 300:105470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470 ::::# '''[[Complex II ambiguities]]''' ([[Gnaiger 2024 J Biol Chem |Gnaiger 2024]]): The prosthetic group FADH₂ appears e

|abbr=''E''; various [J] ...ription=Heat and work are forms of '''energy''' [1 cal = 4.184 J]. Energy [J] is a fundamental term that is used in physics and physical chemistry with

|abbr=''A'' [J·mol^-1] ...n [11], which is the negative Gibbs [[force]] of reaction (derivative of [[Gibbs energy]] per [[advancement]] of reaction [12]):

...tput forces must be moderately high in relation to input forces, such that Gibbs energy is partially dissipated (mainly as heat in aerobic metabolism) and p ...2</sub>=∂''G''/∂_kζ_O2; typically -470 kJ/mol or -0.47 J/µmol O₂) to obtain the mass-specific aerobic input power [W•k

...hydrogenase, and electron transfer flavoprotein activities in fibroblasts. J Clin Invest 1986;78:205-13. ...pe II: review of the phenotype and report of an unusual glomerulopathy. Am J Med Genet 1989;32:395-401.

|info=[[Chance 1955 JBC-III]], [[Gnaiger 2009 Int J Biochem Cell Biol]], [[Gnaiger 2020 BEC MitoPathways]] ...a steady state maintaining a maximum output force (proton motive force or Gibbs force of phosphorylation) under a specific set of boundary conditions, amon

...Because quantities are quantized, thermodynamic terms such as temperature, Gibbs energy, pH, and the protonmotive force ''pmF'' can be defined and accounted ...electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 300:105470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470

...c flux times force yields volume-specific power, ''P''_''V'' = ''J''·''F'' [W·m^-3]. Then [[Vector |vectoral]] and [[Discontinuous ::::* 'Even in the validity range of the Gibbs formula the relations between chemical rates and affinities may be non-line

...r flux-∆ pressure law. Isomorphic pressure is always expressed in units Pa=J∙m^-3. (4) The linear flux-∆ pressure law of diffusion linked ...obscure terminology prevails when confusing pH differences and gradients, Gibbs energy and force or affinity [5,8], force and ∆ pressure. This is rooted

...|misleading chapters in bioenergetics textbooks]] on potential gradients, Gibbs ''[[energy]]'', protonmotive [[flow]] and [[force]], and finally protonmoti |mipnetlab=AT_Innsbruck_Oroboros, CZ Prague Houstek J

{Convert the molar format of the Gibbs force of reaction, Δ_k''F''_{<u>''n''</u>O2} [kJ/mol], i {How are the units of electric energy [J] and electric force [V] related?

...ofit:2023-0003.v6 - ''' [[Gnaiger 2024 J Biol Chem |''Published 2023-11-22 J Biol Chem (2024)'']] ...electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 300:105470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470

::::* 16:00-16:30 [[Beleza J|Jorge Beleza]]: Exercise performed during pregnancy as a preventive tool ag ...iderations about diet-induced hypertrophy of adipocytes. - [[Brunetta 2019 J Funct Foods |»Recent publication in context«]]

...oes not affect aerobic energy delivery in contracting rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 565:637-43.]] ...to mitochondrial respiration? In: Schuster S, Rigoulet M, Ouhabi R, Mazat J-P (eds) Modern Trends in Biothermokinetics. Plenum Press, New York, London:

...tty liver disease and the associated brain dysfunction. [[Hadjihambi 2022 J Hepatol|»Bioblast link«]] ...arashvili G, Schartner M, Weissenbacher A, Oberhuber R, Resch T, Troppmair J, Öfner D, Zoller H, Tilg H, Gnaiger E, Hautz T, Schneeberger S (2022) Mito

...e driving ''force'' of chemical reactions is confusingly called an energy (Gibbs ''energy''), whereas it is actually an isomorphic force, linked to the elec ...erobic energy delivery in contracting rat skeletal muscle. - [[Dawson 2005 J Physiol |»Bioblast link«]]

...in contracting rat skeletal muscle. J Physiol 565:637-43. - [[Dawson 2005 J Physiol |»Bioblast link«]] ...to mitochondrial respiration? In: Schuster S, Rigoulet M, Ouhabi R, Mazat J-P (eds) Modern Trends in Biothermokinetics. Plenum Press, New York, London:

...electron transfer system. J Biol Chem 300:105470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105470 |journal=J Biol Chem